Posts Tagged ‘John Frazier Jr’

Share via email

John Frazier Jr., Guest Author

Internet copyright infringement is a growing concern. PayPal, an online payment service, is trying to do their part to halt copyright infringers. PayPal is vastly popular among those who use the internet for transactions. It offers a secure transaction between two parties over a largely unsecure territory (the internet).

PayPal is strengthening their policy of banning the use of its service for items that violate or infringe any copyright under its Acceptable Use Policy. In effect, this will go further in stopping the use of PayPal by illegal sites internationally that sell or offer infringed material. The focus is upon illegal music but I assume that the casted net would include the selling of bootleg movies. This move has been coordinated with the City of London Police.

For a retailer to use PayPal it must provide proof of licensing for the content that it is selling (addressed more specifically: music licenses). If PayPal discovers any fishy business then it will discontinue the service from those retailers.

Carl Scheible, managing director of PayPal UK, said, “Today’s announcement shows that PayPal is very serious about fighting music piracy. We’ve always banned PayPal’s use for the sale of content that infringes copyright, and the new system will make life even harder for illegal operators. Our partnership with the music industry helps rights holders make money from their own content while stopping the pirates in their tracks.”

A progressive step in the right direction. Kudos.

Share via email

John Frazier Jr., Guest Author

Modern Warfare, produced by Activison, is a video game series that has been developed for the past few years and is now entering its third installment. ModernWarfare3.com now redirects users to Modern Warfare’s rival, Battlefield 3.  Nerd fight!

Some even thought that EA, makers of Battlefield 3, pulled this stunt on their own. Activison has filed a complaint alleging that this domain was registered in “bad faith”. The unnamed operator of ModernWarfare3.com appears to have ceased and desisted, because ModernWarfare3.com no longer exists.

This may have been an example of domain squatting, a.k.a. “cyber squatting”. According to the U.S. Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act, cybersquatting is registering, trafficking in, or using a domain name with bad faith intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else.

In practice, a cybersquatter first squats, then offers to sell the domain — at an inflated price — to whoever holds the applicable trademark.  Furthermore, the act in itself allows for profit earned off of the work or brand of others (if you can get away with it).

However, in this case the apparent squatting wasn’t done for profit. The purpose (as I am aware) for the domain name was instead to defame Activison’s brand and entice viewers to take a look at Battlefield 3. Thus, it falls under a different policy, UDNP (Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy). Pursuant to UDNP, when a registrant chooses a domain name, he must “represent and warrant,” among other things, that registering the name “will not infringe upon or otherwise violate the rights of any third party” as referenced in the Complaint (see here).

Here’s an excerpt from the Complaint :

The UDRP requires the transfer or cancellation of a domain name if the Complainant can establish (1) that the domain name at issue is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark or service mark in which the Complainant has rights; (2) that the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests with respect to the domain name; and (3) that the Respondent has registered and used the domain name in bad faith. UDRP 4(a). Each of these factors favors Complainant in this case. Accordingly, transfer of the Domain Name is appropriate.

So, ModernWarfare3.com is no more, ostensibly because of the UDNP. Score one for justice.

Share via email

John Frazier Jr., Guest Author

Patents are important in the sense that they promote innovation. This innovation is shared to our society because the originator has his invention protected. Let’s examine two different incentive structures.

Structure #1: No Protections or rights to the originator of inventions

Brilliant man has idea for an invention and invents the lightning rod which protected buildings and ships from lightning damage. A savvy cherry picker steals brilliant man’s invention and makes fortune. (Ben Franklin-As brilliant man)

Brilliant man invents the light bulb, you know, for light. Another savvy cherry picker steals brilliant man’s invention and makes a fortune. (Thomas Edison, this time)

Noticing a trend?

Now, brilliant man decides he is no longer going to put his time, effort, and resources into making inventions because he cannot profit from them. (No matter what anyone tells you, everyone is guided by Adam Smith’s “Invisible Hand”). Therefore, the utility (economist’s way of measuring satisfaction/happiness) of society as a whole plummets.

This structure means that all the brilliant men, the true innovators, would no longer be encouraged to contribute their inventions to society because they would waste all their time, effort and resources for someone to steal their piece of the pie. Would there ever be an innovator that would do it because of the strict intrinsic value that they derive from contributing to society? Maybe, but I wouldn’t hold my breath for long.

Structure #2: Protections and rights are given to the originator of inventions

Do I really need to go into detail? You get the point by now. Brilliant people are now compensated for their inventions to society. Therefore, brilliant people of the future see this trend and realize that it can be profitable to share innovations with society. Moreover, our lives are generally improved by innovative technology. As a student of economics, I can tell you that incentives are important to innovation. It is amazing how different the scenarios play out when you change something as simple as the incentive structure.

Patent protection seems simple enough, but don’t mistake simplicity for unimportance.  Patent protection is directly related to growth, and growth is the foundation of our economy. Innovation combined with strategic patent protection is one remedy for economic stagnation.

Share via email

John Frazier Jr., Guest Author

Senate bill S.978, sponsored by Minnesota Democrat Amy Klobuchar, intends to “amend the criminal penalty provision for criminal infringement of a copyright, and for other purposes.” The amendment is as follows:

…shall be imprisoned not more than 5 years, fined in the amount set forth in this title, or both, if–

‘(A) the offense consists of 10 or more public performances by electronic means, during any 180-day period, of 1 or more copyrighted works; and

‘(B)(i) the total retail value of the performances, or the total economic value of such public performances to the infringer or to the copyright owner, would exceed $2,500; or

‘(ii) the total fair market value of licenses to offer performances of those works would exceed $5,000.

Are YouTubers, including children, who lip-synch, perform karaoke in bars, or cover their favorite artist’s songs, subject to criminal charges? Copyright holders already have legal means to pull unauthorized content from sites, including cease and desist orders and fines. The inclusions of more criminal charges, in my humble opinion, seem a bit overzealous. We already have very strict punishments in place.

The protection of copyrighted material is certainly a serious matter. The purpose of copyrighting materials is to promote innovation which allows inventors, and originators, protections and rights to materials that they contribute to society. Nowadays, transferring of material and information can be done world-wide within seconds. This opens up a whole new host of legal questions. However, there must be a line drawn. How far should we go to include the criminal aspect of protection within that are line, or should we? It is the same type of question as, “How much pollution protection/reduction is an efficient amount?” Ever hear of the law of diminishing returns? At some point there can be too much protection. We have a finite resource of law enforcement, time, and money. As our nation is in a crisis due to it’s inability to be fiscally responsible, we should add more laws that will be expensive (in regards to opportunity costs) to enforce? Time, money, and law enforcement could be placed elsewhere and used more efficiently. Is it hard to tell that I was an economics major?

This is further proof that the law in regards to the internet is still in a stage of infancy. There are so many legal questions revolving around the internet that have yet to be answered or, in most cases, even asked.

It should be noted that the law does require “willful infringement”, however, when posting a video to the internet of a song it would usually be apparent that the post was copyrighted work. In addition to willful infringement, the law additionally requires infringement for the purpose of profit. Therefore, this law will not make posting videos to YouTube a criminal offense, per se, as long as the YouTube posts weren’t done for profit.

This article has been expanded and amended since its original posting.

Subscribe

Login



SATURDAY, MAY 18, 2013

Bad Behavior has blocked 8487 access attempts in the last 7 days.